The smallest of the sighthound breeds, the Italian greyhound is believed to have originated over 2,000 years ago in the Mediterranean basin countries now known as Greece and Turkey. Evidence of its origin lies in the depiction of miniature greyhounds in the early decorative arts of this region, and in the archaeological recoveries of small greyhound skeletons.
Although controversy exists over this diminutive dog's original purpose — small-game hunter or household companion — the Italian greyhound likely served a dual role. By the Middle Ages, the breed had disseminated throughout southern Europe. Prized for its beauty, small size and sweet disposition, the Italian greyhound derived its name from the Italians, among whom it was a favorite breed in the 16th Century. Coveted by European royalty, including the consort of England James I, Anne of Denmark and Catherine the Great of Russia, the Italian greyhound was frequently depicted in the Renaissance paintings of artists like Giotto, Carpaccio and Memling.
In 1886, the first Italian greyhound was registered with the American Kennel Club. However, the breed was rare in the U.S. until about 20 years ago. Today, many families enjoy Italian greyhounds for their affectionate disposition, adaptability to most living situations, and simple upkeep.